Patna (Pataliputra), Bihar- Facts And History

 

Patna, situated on the banks of the river Ganges, is the capital city of Bihar, located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 2 million people, Patna is one of the most populous cities in India. It has a rich history and was an important center of trade and culture in ancient times. Today, Patna is a major commercial and educational hub in eastern India, with a growing economy and a thriving IT industry. The city is also home to several important tourist attractions, including the Mahavir Mandir, Patna Museum, and Gandhi Maidan.

 

Other Names Of Patna:

 

Patna has had various names throughout its history. Some of the other names of Patna are:

  1. Pataliputra: This was the ancient name of Patna and it was the capital of the Mauryan Empire. Pataliputra was one of the most important cities in ancient India and was known for its wealth, culture, and learning.
  2. Kusumpura: This was another name of Patna during the reign of the Kushan Empire.
  3. Azimabad: This was the name given to Patna by the Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb. The name Azimabad means “city of excellence”.
  4. Bankipore: This was the name given to the western part of Patna during the British colonial period.
  5. Patliputra Nagari: This is a modern name for Patna that was proposed in 2007 to promote the city’s cultural heritage and history.

 

Nicknames Of Patna:

 

Patna has a few popular nicknames. Some of the commonly used nicknames of Patna are:

  1. Pataliputra: This is also a popular nickname of Patna, derived from the city’s ancient name.
  2. City of Knowledge: With a rich history of education and some of the oldest and most prestigious higher education institutions in India located in Patna, the city is commonly known as the “City of Knowledge”.
  3. The Millennium City: Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a history that spans over two millennia, so it is sometimes called the “Millennium City”.
  4. The Gateway to Bihar: Patna is the capital city of Bihar and is often called the “Gateway to Bihar” because it is the largest and most important city in the state.
  5. The City of Dreams: Patna is known for its many opportunities for education and career advancement, and as such, it is sometimes called the “City of Dreams”.

 

Historical Importance Of Patna:

 

Dating back to ancient times, Patna has a significant and prosperous history with many noteworthy people and events associated with it.

 

    1. Pataliputra: Patna was the ancient capital of the Mauryan Empire, one of the largest and most powerful empires in Indian history. Pataliputra was a major center of trade, commerce, and culture, and was known for its impressive architecture, including the Ashoka Pillar and the Great Stupa.
    2. Guru Gobind Singh: The tenth and last guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh, was born in Patna in 1666. His birthplace is now a popular tourist attraction known as Takht Sri Patna Sahib.
    3. The Battle of Buxar: In 1764, the Battle of Buxar was fought near Patna between the East India Company and a coalition of Indian rulers. The battle resulted in a decisive victory for the British and paved the way for their eventual control of India.
    4. The Champaran Satyagraha: In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi began his first successful satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) movement in Champaran, a district near Patna. This movement marked the beginning of India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule.
    5. Bihar Movement: In the 1970s, Patna became a center of the Bihar Movement, a political movement aimed at demanding social justice and economic development for the people of Bihar.

Today, Patna is an important center of culture, education, and commerce in eastern India, and its rich history continues to attract tourists and scholars from around the world.

 

10 Interesting Facts About Patna:

 

  1. Patna is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with a history that dates back to over 2,500 years ago.
  2. The city of Patna was known as Pataliputra in ancient times and served as the capital of the Mauryan Empire.
  3. The world-renowned mathematician, Aryabhata, was born in Patna.
  4. Patna was home to the world’s first university, the Nalanda University, which was established in the 5th century CE.
  5. The world-famous traveler and explorer, Fa-Hien, visited Patna during his travels in the 4th century CE.
  6. Patna is known for its distinctive sweet dish, the “Khaja”, which is a crispy pastry made with flour and sugar syrup.
  7. Mahatma Gandhi began his first successful satyagraha (nonviolent resistance) movement in Champaran, a district near Patna.
  8. Patna has a unique museum called the Jalan Museum that features a collection of vintage cars, including a 1930 Ford Model A and a 1940 Buick Super.
  9. The Mahavir Mandir, located in Patna, is one of the most visited Hindu temples in India and is dedicated to the god Hanuman.
  10. The city is home to many notable landmarks and tourist attractions, including the Patna Museum, the Gandhi Maidan, and the Takht Sri Patna Sahib, which is one of the five holy sites in Sikhism.

 

15 Places To Visit In Patna:

 

  1. Mahavir Mandir: This temple dedicated to the Hindu god Hanuman is one of the most visited temples in India and is located in the heart of Patna.
  2. Takht Sri Patna Sahib: This Sikh shrine is one of the five holy sites in Sikhism and is where Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, was born.
  3. Gandhi Maidan: This public park in the center of Patna is named after Mahatma Gandhi and is the site of many cultural events and political rallies.
  4. Patna Museum: This museum showcases the history and culture of Bihar and houses a vast collection of artifacts, including coins, sculptures, and paintings.
  5. Nalanda University: This ancient university was founded in the 5th century CE and was one of the world’s first universities. Today, visitors can explore the ruins of the university and learn about its history.
  6. Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park: This zoological park is home to a variety of animals, including tigers, lions, and bears.
  7. Bihar Museum: This recently opened museum showcases the history, culture, and art of Bihar through interactive exhibits and displays.
  8. Patna Planetarium: This planetarium is one of the largest in Asia and offers visitors a chance to learn about astronomy through its exhibits and shows.
  9. Golghar: This historic granary was built in the 18th century and offers visitors panoramic views of the city from its top.
  10. Kumhrar: This archaeological site dates back to the Mauryan period and contains the remains of a palace and a Buddhist monastery.
  11. Agam Kuan: This ancient well is believed to date back to the Mauryan period and is said to be associated with Emperor Ashoka.
  12. Srikrishna Science Centre: This science museum offers interactive exhibits and displays on science and technology.
  13. Eco Park: This sprawling park is spread over 61 acres and features a lake, jogging track, and children’s play area.
  14. P&M Mall: This shopping mall is one of the largest in Patna and features a variety of shops, restaurants, and entertainment options.
  15. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library: This historic library houses a vast collection of rare manuscripts and books on Islamic and Indic culture and history.

 

Art And Culture Of Patna:

 

  1. Folk Dances: Patna is famous for its traditional folk dances like Jhumar, Bidesia, and Jat-Jatin.
  2. Music: Patna has a rich musical heritage, and the city has produced many famous musicians, including Ustad Bismillah Khan, the legendary shehnai player.
  3. Cuisine: The cuisine of Patna is a blend of Mughlai and Bihari cuisine. Some of the popular dishes in Patna include Litti Chokha, Sattu Paratha, and Chana Ghugni.
  4. Festivals: Patna celebrates many festivals with great zeal and enthusiasm. The most famous festival is Chhath Puja, which is dedicated to the Sun God and is celebrated in the months of October-November.
  5. Handicrafts: Patna is known for its beautiful handicrafts, including Madhubani paintings, bamboo handicrafts, and Sikki grass handicrafts.
  6. Museums: Patna has several museums that showcase the art and culture of Bihar. The Patna Museum is the most famous museum in the city.
  7. Literature: Patna has a rich literary history, and the city has produced many famous writers and poets like Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Acharya Shivpujan Sahay, and Phanishwar Nath Renu.
  8. Theater: Theater is an important part of the culture of Patna. The city has a vibrant theater scene, and several theaters regularly stage plays in Bhojpuri and Hindi.
  9. Architecture: Patna has a rich architectural heritage, and the city is home to several historic buildings, including the Golghar, the Mahavir Mandir, and the Takht Sri Patna Sahib.
  10. Film Industry: Patna has a growing film industry, and several Bhojpuri and Hindi movies are shot in the city.

 

Details Of Taste And Cuisines Of Patna:

 

  1. Litti Chokha: This is the most famous dish of Patna, and a must-try for anyone visiting the city. Litti is made with wheat flour and stuffed with sattu (roasted gram flour) and spices, and then baked on an open flame. Chokha is a side dish made with mashed potatoes, brinjal, or tomatoes, and served with ghee.
  2. Sattu Paratha: Sattu paratha is another popular dish in Patna, made with sattu, wheat flour, and spices and it is usually served with chutney or pickle.
  3. Chana Ghugni: Chana ghugni is a spicy dish made with boiled chickpeas, onion, tomatoes, and a variety of spices and it is often served with bread or rice.
  4. Khaja: Khaja is a popular sweet dish in Patna, made with layers of crispy pastry and sugar syrup and it is often served as a dessert after meals.
  5. Makhana Kheer: Makhana kheer is a delicious dessert made with lotus seeds (makhana), milk, sugar, and cardamom and it is a popular dish during festivals and special occasions.
  6. Bihari Chicken: Bihari chicken is a spicy and flavorful chicken dish that is popular in Patna and it is made with chicken marinated in yogurt and a variety of spices, and then grilled or roasted.
  7. Malpua: Malpua is a sweet dish made with flour, milk, and sugar syrup and it is often served as a dessert during festivals and special occasions.
  8. Fish Curry: Fish curry is a popular dish in Patna, made with a variety of fish, onion, tomatoes, and a blend of spices and it is often served with rice.
  9. Aloo Posto: Aloo posto is a vegetarian dish made with potatoes and poppy seeds and it is a popular dish in Bengali cuisine, and is also found in the cuisine of Bihar.
  10. Bihari Thali: A Bihari thali is a traditional meal that includes a variety of dishes, including rice, dal, sabzi (vegetable curry), chutney, and papad and it is a must-try for anyone looking to experience the authentic taste of Patna.

 

10 Hotels To Stay In Patna:

 

  1. Hotel Maurya: This 5-star hotel is located in the heart of the city and offers luxurious rooms and suites, along with amenities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, and multiple dining options.
  2. Lemon Tree Premier: This 4-star hotel is located near the airport and offers well-appointed rooms, a fitness center, and multiple dining options.
  3. Hotel Patliputra Continental: This 3-star hotel is located near the railway station and offers comfortable rooms, a restaurant, and conference facilities.
  4. Hotel Chanakya: This 4-star hotel is located in the city center and offers spacious rooms, a swimming pool, fitness center, and multiple dining options.
  5. Hotel The Panache: This 4-star hotel is located in the city center and offers stylish rooms, a restaurant, and a rooftop bar.
  6. Hotel Vijayshree Deluxe: This 3-star hotel is located near the airport and offers comfortable rooms, a restaurant, and conference facilities.
  7. Hotel President: This 3-star hotel is located near the railway station and offers well-appointed rooms, a restaurant, and conference facilities.
  8. OYO 1234 Hotel Patliputra Nirvana: This budget hotel is located near the airport and offers clean and comfortable rooms, along with basic amenities such as Wi-Fi and room service.
  9. Hotel Buddha Inn: This budget hotel is located in the city center and offers clean and comfortable rooms, along with basic amenities such as Wi-Fi and room service.
  10. Hotel Samrat International: This budget hotel is located near the railway station and offers basic rooms and amenities such as Wi-Fi and room service.

 

10 Dine-In Restaurants In Patna:

 

  1. Pind Balluchi: This restaurant serves North Indian and Mughlai cuisine, and is known for its rustic decor and live music.
  2. Biryani Mahal: As the name suggests, this restaurant is known for its delicious biryanis, along with other North Indian and Mughlai dishes.
  3. Takshila: This restaurant serves a mix of Indian and Chinese cuisine, and is known for its cozy ambiance and attentive service.
  4. The Yellow Chilli: This restaurant, owned by celebrity chef Sanjeev Kapoor, serves a mix of Indian and international cuisine, and is known for its innovative dishes and elegant decor.
  5. Ghar Aangan: This restaurant serves traditional Bihari cuisine, along with other North Indian dishes, and is known for its homely ambiance and affordable prices.
  6. Bansi Vihar: This vegetarian restaurant serves a mix of Indian and Chinese cuisine, and is known for its quick service and casual ambiance.
  7. The Ganges View: This rooftop restaurant offers stunning views of the Ganges river, along with a mix of Indian and Chinese cuisine.
  8. Noodle Max: This restaurant specializes in Chinese cuisine, and is known for its delicious noodles and quick service.
  9. Spice Court: This restaurant serves a mix of North Indian and Chinese cuisine, and is known for its spacious interiors and live music performances.
  10. Moti Mahal Delux: This restaurant chain is famous for its North Indian and Mughlai cuisine, and is known for its rich flavors and generous portions.

 

Places Of Worship In Patna:

 

  1. Mahavir Mandir: This temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman is one of the most popular places of worship in Patna. It attracts a large number of devotees, especially during the festival of Chhath.
  2. Patna Sahib Gurudwara: This gurudwara is one of the most important Sikh pilgrimage sites in India, as it is believed to be the birthplace of the tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh.
  3. Patan Devi Temple: This ancient temple dedicated to the Hindu goddess Durga is believed to be one of the 51 Shakti Peethas in India. It is located in the city center and attracts a large number of devotees.
  4. Padri Ki Haveli: This historic church is located in the old city area of Patna and is believed to be one of the oldest churches in Bihar.
  5. Agam Kuan: This ancient well is believed to be associated with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka and is considered to be a sacred site by Buddhists and Jains.
  6. Takht Sri Harmandir Sahib Ji: This gurudwara is located in the vicinity of Patna Sahib Gurudwara and is another important Sikh pilgrimage site.
  7. Hanuman Mandir: This temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman is located near Patna Junction railway station and is believed to be very powerful by the locals.
  8. Iskcon Temple: This temple dedicated to Lord Krishna is located on the outskirts of Patna and is known for its beautiful architecture and peaceful ambiance.
  9. Buddha Smriti Park: This park is home to a 200-feet high stupa, which is believed to contain the ashes of the Buddha. It also has a meditation hall and a museum dedicated to Buddhism.
  10. Fatuha Karbala: This shrine is an important place of worship for Muslims, especially during the month of Muharram, when a large number of devotees visit to pay their respects to Imam Husayn, the grandson of Prophet Muhammad.

 

10 schools in Patna:

 

  1. Delhi Public School: This school follows the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) curriculum and is one of the most prestigious schools in Patna. It has state-of-the-art infrastructure and facilities.
  2. Notre Dame Academy: This school, established in 1960, is an all-girls school that follows the ICSE (Indian Certificate of Secondary Education) curriculum. It is known for its excellent academic record and extra-curricular activities.
  3. St. Michael’s High School: This is an all-boys school established in 1858. It follows the ICSE curriculum and is one of the oldest schools in Patna. It has produced many eminent personalities over the years.
  4. Loyola High School: This is an all-boys school established in 1969. It follows the ICSE curriculum and is known for its disciplined environment and academic excellence.
  5. Don Bosco Academy: This school, established in 1973, follows the ICSE curriculum and is known for its holistic education and emphasis on sports and extra-curricular activities.
  6. Litera Valley School: This school follows the CBSE curriculum and is known for its innovative teaching methods and focus on technology-enabled learning. It has a sprawling campus and state-of-the-art facilities.
  7. DAV Public School: This school follows the CBSE curriculum and is known for its academic excellence and emphasis on character building and moral values.
  8. Gyan Niketan: This school follows the CBSE curriculum and is known for its academic record and excellent infrastructure.
  9. Radiant International School: This school follows the CBSE curriculum and is known for its student-centric approach and focus on holistic development.
  10. Baldwin Academy: This school follows the ICSE curriculum and is known for its academic excellence and emphasis on discipline and values. It has a sprawling campus and excellent facilities.

 

10 Colleges In Patna:

 

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Patna (IITP): IITP is one of the premier engineering colleges in India. It was established in 2008 and offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in engineering and technology.
  2. National Institute of Technology Patna (NITP): NITP is another top engineering college in Patna. It was established in 1886 and offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programs in engineering, science and management.
  3. Patna Women’s College: PWC is one of the oldest and most prestigious colleges for women in Patna. It was established in 1940 and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science and commerce.
  4. Magadh Mahila College: MMC is another top college for women in Patna. It was established in 1946 and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science and commerce.
  5. Patna Science College: PSC is one of the oldest and most reputed science colleges in Patna. It was established in 1927 and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in science and technology.
  6. AN College: AN College is a popular college in Patna that offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science and commerce.
  7. B.N. College: B.N. College is another popular college in Patna that offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in arts, science and commerce.
  8. Patna Law College: PLC is one of the top law colleges in Patna. It was established in 1909 and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in law.
  9. Chandragupt Institute of Management Patna (CIMP): CIMP is a top management college in Patna. It was established in 2008 and offers postgraduate programs in management.
  10. Maulana Azad College of Engineering and Technology (MACET): MACET is a popular engineering college in Patna. It was established in 1988 and offers undergraduate and postgraduate programs in engineering and technology.

 

Trade And Commerce In Patna:

 

Patna is an important center of trade and commerce in the state of Bihar. The city has a diverse economy with industries ranging from agriculture to manufacturing and services. Some of the major industries in Patna include sugar, cement, fertilizer, chemicals, and textiles.

Patna is well connected to other parts of India through a network of highways, railways and airways, making it a major transportation hub. The city has several industrial areas, such as Phulwari Sharif Industrial Area, Fatuha Industrial Area, and Bihta Industrial Area, which contribute significantly to its economy.

The city also has a thriving retail sector, with several malls, shopping complexes, and markets. Some of the popular shopping destinations in Patna include Patna Market, Hathua Market, Khaitan Market, and Maurya Lok Shopping Complex.

Agriculture is a major contributor to Patna’s economy, with the city’s fertile land producing a variety of crops such as paddy, wheat, maize, and sugarcane. The city is also known for its handicrafts, particularly Madhubani paintings, which are sold in various markets and shops across the city.

Overall, Patna’s strategic location, good connectivity, and diverse economy make it an important center of trade and commerce in Bihar and eastern India.

 

Conclusion:

 

In conclusion, Patna is a city with a rich and diverse history, culture, and economy. Its historical significance, educational institutions, places of worship, and cultural heritage make it an important city in India. Patna’s thriving trade and commerce sector, with industries ranging from agriculture to manufacturing and services, make it an important hub for business and trade in Bihar and eastern India. Its strategic location and good connectivity to other parts of the country make it a popular destination for tourism, shopping, and business. Overall, Patna is a vibrant and dynamic city that continues to evolve and grow.

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